Tajweed Rules Of The Quran
Main articles:, andThe Arabic alphabet has 28 basic, plus hamzah (ء).ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن و ہ يThe Arabic is ال al- (i.e. The letter followed by ). The lām in al- is pronounced if the letter after it is ' qamarīyah' ('lunar'), but if the letter after it is ' shamsīyah' ('solar'), the lām after it becomes part of the following letter (is ). 'Solar' and 'lunar' became descriptions for these instances as the words for 'the moon' and 'the sun' ( al-qamar and ash-shams, respectively) are examples of this rule.Lunar letters:ا ب ج ح خ ع غ ف ق ك م هـ و يSolar letters:ت ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل ن Emission points There are 17 ( makhārij al-ḥurūf) of the letters, located in various regions of the throat, tongue, lips, nose, and the mouth as a whole for the prolonged ( madd or mudd) letters.The ( ṣifat al-ḥurūf) refers to the different attributes of the letters. Some of the characteristics have opposites, while some are individual.
An example of a characteristic would be the sound called ṣafīr, which is an attribute of air escaping from a tube.Thickness and thinness. See also: andThe, known as mufakhkham letters, are pronounced with a 'heavy accent' ( tafkhīm).
This is done by either /ˤ/, i.e. Pronounced while squeezing one's, or by /ˠ/. The remaining letters – the muraqqaq – have a 'light accent' ( tarqīq) as they are pronounced normally, without pharyngealization (except ع, which is often considered a pharyngeal sound).( rāʼ ) is heavy when accompanied by a or and light when accompanied by a. If its vowel sound is cancelled, such as by a or the end of a sentence, then it is light when the first preceding voweled letter (without a sukun) has a kasrah. It is heavy if the first preceding voweled letter is accompanied by a fatḥah or ḍammah.
For example, the ر at the end of the first word of the is heavy because the ( ʻayn) has a fatḥah:وَالْعَصْرٍ . ( lām) is only heavy in the word Allāh. If, however, the preceding vowel is a kasrah, then the ل in Allāh is light, such as in the:بِسْمِ الله Prolongation Prolongation refers to the number of (beats of time) that are pronounced when a voweled letter ( fatḥah, ḍammah, kasrah) is followed by a ( alif, yāʼ or wāw). The number of morae then becomes two.
If these are at the end of the sentence, such as in all the verses in ', then the number of morae can be more than two, but must be consistent from verse to verse. Additionally, if there is a sign over the madd letter, it is held for four or five morae when followed by a hamzah ( ء) and six morae when followed by a. For example, the end of the last verse in ' has a six-mora maddah due to the shaddah on the ل ( lām).صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلاَ ٱلضَّآلِّين Sākinah (vowelless) letters Nūn sākinah and tanwīn Nūn sākinah refers to instances where the letter is accompanied by a or sign. There are then four ways it should be pronounced, depending on which letter immediately follows:Iẓhār.
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iẓhār ('clarity'): the nūn sound is pronounced clearly without additional modifications when followed by 'letters of the throat' ( ء ه ع ح غ خ). Consider the nūn with a sukun pronounced regularly in the beginning of the last verse in ':صِرَٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ Iqlāb. iqlāb ('conversion'): the nūn sound is converted to a // sound if it is followed by a. Additionally, it is pronounced in a ghunnah (a held for two morae).
Consider the nūn sound on the tanwīn on the letter that is pronounced as a instead in the chapter:وَأَنْبَتَتْ مِنْ كُلِّ زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ Idghām. idghām ('merging'): the nūn sound is not pronounced when followed by a.
There is also a ghunnah if it is followed by و م ي or another ن. Idghām only applies between two words and not in the middle of a word. Consider for example the nūn that is not pronounced in the fifth line (the ) in the:أَشْهَدُ أَن لَّا إِلٰهَ إِلَا ٱللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّداً رَّسُولُ ٱللهِ Ikhfāʼ. ikhfāʼ ('concealment'): the nūn sound is not fully pronounced (i.e. The tongue does not make full contact with the roof of the mouth as in a regular sound) if it is followed by any letters other than those already listed, includes a ghunnah.
Consider the nūn that is suppressed in the second verse of the chapter:مِنْ شَرِّ مَا خَلَقَ Mīm sākinah The term mīm sākinah refers to instances where the letter is accompanied by a. There are then three ways it should be pronounced, depending on which letter immediately follows:.
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idgham mutamathilayn ('labial merging') when followed by another mīm (usually indicated by a shaddah): the mīm is then merged with the following mīm and includes a ghunnah;. ikhfāʼ shafawī ('labial concealment'): the mīm is suppressed (i.e. Lips not fully closed) and, when followed by a ب, includes a ghunnah; Consider the mīm that is suppressed in the second verse of the chapter:تَرْمِيهِمْ بِحِجَارَةٍ. iẓhār shafawī ('labial clarity'): the mīm is pronounced clearly with no amendment when followed by any letters other than those already listed.Qalqalah The five qalqalah letters are the consonants. Qalqalah is the addition of a slight 'bounce' or sound // to the consonant whose vowel sound is otherwise cancelled, such as by a sukūn, or the end of sentence. The 'lesser bounce' occurs when the letter is in the middle of a word or at the end of the word but the reader joins it to the next word. A 'medium bounce' is given when the letter is at the end of the word but is not accompanied by a shaddah, such as the end of the first verse of the:قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَبِّ ٱلْفَلَقِThe biggest bounce is when the letter is at the end of the word and is accompanied by a shaddah, such as the end of the first verse of:تَبَّتْ يدَاۤ اَبِی لَهَبٍ وَّتَبَّ Waṣl Waṣl is the rule of not pronouncing alif as a glottal stop /ʔ/, assimilating to its adjacent vowel.
It is indicated with the diacritic waṣlah, a small ṣād on the letter alif (ٱ). Retrieved 2011-06-02.
^. Archived from on 2012-03-23.
Retrieved 2011-06-26.Books and journals. The Art of Reciting the Qur'an by Kristina Nelson, American University in Cairo Press (Cairo, NY), 2001. Tajwid: The Art of Recitation of the Holy Qur'an by Dr. Abdul Majid Khan, Tughra Books 2013. 'Theory and Practice of Tajwid,' Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, IV, Leiden, Brill, 2007 (or still in press)External links., lessons about Arabic and reciting the Quran with tajweed., iTunes tajwīd podcast in English for English speakers.